We frequently hear people say they suffer from “sinus,” rather than sinusitis. But what’s the difference? Recognising this part is crucial to knowing when to relax, when to try to care for yourself and when to see a doctor, especially when your symptoms begin to interfere with your day.

What Are Sinuses?

Sinuses are air-filled, empty spaces that are found along the forehead, behind the nose, and in the cheekbones. Empty spaces are not just hollows; they serve many critical functions:

• Reducing the weight of the skull

• Creating mucus to moisten and purify the air

• Helping with voice resonance

Normal sinuses drain mucus silently and naturally. But when that drain becomes blocked, that’s when you get sinusitis.

What Is Sinusitis?

Sinusitis occurs when the lining of the sinuses is inflamed, usually because of an infection, allergies or anatomical issues. Since the nose and sinuses are closely linked, they almost always get irritated together rather than on their own.

Types of Sinusitis

Sinusitis isn’t one-size-fits-all. Its duration classifies it:

• Acute (under 4 weeks): most often viral, is inaugurated by a cold and may resolve spontaneously.
• Subacute (4 weeks to 12 weeks): The duration of symptoms is longer and may be more difficult to control.

• Chronic (lasting more than 12 weeks): Persistent inflammation that does not completely resolve, frequently due to allergies, environmental irritants or structural issues.
• Chronic: Several times a year, without symptom-free intervals.

What Causes Sinusitis?

• Viruses: The most frequent cause, especially after colds or other flu infections.
• Bacteria: Rarely, but worse. Symptoms usually start to deteriorate after 10 days.
• Allergies: The continuous inflammation of the nasal passages may result in the obstruction of the sinus.
• Pollution & Smoke: cigarette smoke and other irritants can inflame the lining.
• Teeth: Upper tooth infections can spread into the sinuses.
• Nasal Shape: A crooked nasal septum or nasal polyps can impede natural drainage.

Common Symptoms

Acute Sinusitis often brings:

• Facial pain or pressure
• Stuffy nose
• Thick yellow/green mucus
• Headache
• Fever
• Loss of smell

Chronic Sinusitis is usually less severe but lingers on:

• Nasal congestion
• Fatigue

• Reduced sense of smell
• Facial discomfort
• Persistent cough 

Why Sinusitis Shouldn’t Be Ignored

Though mild cases of sinusitis can often be treated at home, more severe cases, especially if they are bacterial or chronic, can cause complications, such as eye infections, worsening asthma or, in rare instances, deeper infections.

Chronic sinusitis in children can also disrupt sleep, school performance and overall mood for parents.

Diagnosis & Evaluation

A sinusitis specialist may recommend this if symptoms persist:

• Nasal endoscopy allows for viewing deep into the nasal passages.
  
• CT scan: To assess structural issues or blockage

• Dental evaluation: if there is suspicion of tooth-related infection

1. At-Home Remedies

• To alleviate congestion, try resting and drinking plenty of water. 

• Use steam inhalation and saline nasal rinses.

• TEs The use of over-the-counter nasal sprays (for short duration only) may help to reduce swelling.

2. Medications

• The first line of treatment should involve a short course of medications.
• Nasal corticosteroids to shrink inflammation. 
• Antibiotics are only used if the infection is bacterial.

• Antihistamines are used if allergies are involved.
• Avoidance of allergies if an allergens is identified . Examples of allergens like dust mites, cockroaches , peanuts, seafood and pollen are common allergens seen in south east asia.

3. Advanced Care

For recurrent symptoms, a nose specialist may recommend FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery). It is a minimally invasive surgery that opens sinus passages and helps the sinuses drain normally.

Final Takeaway

Sinuses are a natural, functional part of our body. But when they become inflamed,  whether because of infection, allergies or an anatomical issue, it can also be the source of chronic pain that impacts the quality of your life.

Don’t ignore symptoms that last more than a week, especially if they worsen. Whether you’re suffering from recurrent infections or chronic congestion, it may be time to visit The ENT Doctor.

Breathe better. Sleep deeper. Feel clearer. Healthy sinuses make a difference.

For more information visit : https://www.moh.gov.my/moh/resources/keratan%20akhbar%202017/CPG_Management_of_Rhinosinusitis_in_Adolescents_and_Adults.pdf